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What are the basic parts of the computer?

I am building a brand new computer from scratch and I am new to computer parts and their uses. I need the names of all of the hardware and software that goes into a computer. I am going to have follow up questions so check back to this question for additional questions.

Public Comments

1. Motherboard, RAM, Processor, Processor Fan, Computer Case, Case Fans, Graphics Card, Microsoft Windows, Power Supply, Hard Drive, DVD Drive, Keyboard, Mouse, Thermal Grease, SATA Cables...
2. The most important things are probably a motherboard, RAM, a processor, graphics card, CD or DVD drive, monitor, speakers, and sound card. Some software would be an anti-virus (AVG), updates to your operating system, and an internet browser other than Internet Explorer (I use Firefox).
3. Since you are new at this you will find this article most helpful: http://www.pcstats.com/articleview.cfm?articleID=1444 or this one: http://www.buildyourown.org.uk/
4. PC 101 Standard Hardware: Motherboard, CPU (Processor), RAM, Hard Drive, CD/DVD, Power Supply. Additional Hardware: Dedicated Video Card, Sound Card, Any number of other PCI/PCI-E add on cards to add functionality. Standard Software: Operating System (Windows, Linux) Additional Software: Too many to list...